New Delhi: India appears to be reversing the global trend of improving health standards and economies. Contrary to the expected growth in height with rising prosperity, India has seen a decline in average height over the past few decades, according to studies and expert opinions.
While countries like China, Japan, and South Korea have observed a significant increase in average height, Indian data reveals a stark contrast. Studies by The Lancet and the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) indicate a decline of 1-1.1 cm in average height among Indian men and a smaller reduction in women over the last few decades. Particularly concerning is the finding that tribal women and those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds have witnessed a drop in height by 0.42 cm and 0.57 cm, respectively.
Experts point to childhood malnutrition as the main factor behind the stagnant and sometimes declining heights. Stunting, caused by poor nutrition, affects about 35% of children under 5 years old in India. Stunting limits a child’s ability to reach their genetic height potential and can have long-term effects on their physical growth.
Experts like Dr Vikram Belliyappa, a gastroenterologist, note that recurrent infections, poor gut health, and a junk food-driven lifestyle contribute significantly to the lack of proper nutrient absorption, further stunting growth. Additionally, early puberty, brought on by obesity and increased consumption of junk food, results in the premature closure of growth plates, restricting potential height growth.
Doctors stress the importance of balanced nutrition, adequate physical activity, and good health practices to counter these adverse effects. Genetic factors play a role, but lifestyle and environmental factors, such as pollution and screen time, must also be addressed to foster proper growth in children.