New Delhi: In a development that could reshape regional geopolitics, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement, committing to joint military action in the event of external aggression against either nation.
The pact, signed during Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s visit to Riyadh on September 17, has sparked concern in New Delhi over its potential implications for India’s security and diplomatic interests.
The agreement, endorsed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and PM Sharif, marks a significant shift in Saudi Arabia’s defence posture, especially considering Pakistan’s historically strained relations with India.
Under the terms of the pact, both nations pledge to support each other militarily if attacked — a clause that could complicate India’s counter-terrorism operations in the region.
India has long viewed Pakistan’s military procurement and strategic alliances through a lens of caution. Despite Pakistan’s fragile economy, its defence spending remains robust, often backed by foreign aid and partnerships. Saudi Arabia’s financial support could now enable Islamabad to bolster its military capabilities further, raising alarms in New Delhi.
The timing of the agreement is particularly sensitive. It comes amid heightened tensions following India’s Operation Sindoor, a retaliatory strike against terror camps in Pakistan after the deadly Pahalgam attack. During that operation, countries like Turkey, Azerbaijan, and China had expressed support for Pakistan. The addition of Saudi Arabia to this list — even hypothetically — could alter the balance of power in South Asia.
Historically, Saudi Arabia has maintained cordial and economically strong ties with India. Bilateral trade, energy cooperation, and diplomatic engagements have flourished over the years. However, this new defence pact with Pakistan raises questions about Riyadh’s long-term strategic intentions. Will Saudi Arabia stand by Pakistan in future conflicts, even if they involve terrorism-related operations by India?
Experts suggest that Pakistan is actively trying to consolidate support among Islamic nations, leveraging its nuclear capabilities and military experience. While Saudi Arabia has traditionally relied on Pakistani military expertise, this formal agreement could deepen that reliance and shift regional allegiances.
India, meanwhile, continues to strengthen its defence and diplomatic ties with Gulf nations. Recent offers of military training and joint exercises with Saudi Arabia indicate New Delhi’s intent to counterbalance Pakistan’s influence in the region.
India must strategically navigate this emerging alliance to protect its national interests and maintain its diplomatic edge as the geopolitical chessboard evolves.